Browsers like Google Chrome are notorious for caching everything and clearing the cache and cookies isn't always reliable. It makes it a nightmare for web design if you don't always see your changes each time you load the page.
Here's HTML for it:
<meta http-equiv="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="Expires" content="-1">
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-cache">
But, using this PHP code is even more reliable:
<?php
header ("Expires: ".gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s", time())." GMT");
header ("Last-Modified: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s") . " GMT");
header ("Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate");
header ("Pragma: no-cache");?>
When in doubt, you may try using both. Here's a few keywords for helping optimize this page (prevent browser caching, stop browser caching, avoid browser caching, stop browser cache)